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The New Zealand Medical Journal

 Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, 07-November-2008, Vol 121 No 1285

Ninety-six percent of New Zealand smokers support smokefree cars containing preschool children
New Zealand and international research shows that smoking in cars, even with the windows down, produces dangerous levels of pollutants.1,2 These levels are far higher than World Health Organization air quality guidelines for particulates in ambient air.3
While at least 10 Australian and North American jurisdictions (including California) have banned smoking in cars carrying children,4–13 New Zealand officials have been reported as hesitant about considering such a move.14 Perceived questions about public support appear to have contributed to lack of progress on this issue in New Zealand.14
In a number of areas of Australia and North America, support from smokers (85% or over) and non-smokers (90% or over) has been reported for banning smoking in cars with children inside.15–18 In a 1997 Wellington area survey, 94% agreed that cars with children in them should be smokefree (86% of smokers).15 In a 2004 New Zealand wide survey, 76% disagreed that it is “okay” to smoke around non-smokers inside cars even when there are windows down.16
New NZ data on smokers’ attitudes—Between March 2007 and February 2008 we surveyed a national sample of 1376 New Zealand adult (18+ years) smokers. A specific question included: ‘Do you think smoking should be allowed in cars with pre-school children in them’? Further detail on the survey methods is available elsewhere.17
Results weighted to reflect the national population of smokers showed that 95.9% disagreed (95%CI: 4.7%–97.1%) and only 3.0% agreed with this question. That is, there appears to be almost universal support for not allowing smoking in cars carrying children, from smokers themselves.
New Zealand advocates and policymakers now have evidence of strong support by smokers for pursuing the safety of children from tobacco smoke pollution in cars.
A smokefree car law should be a priority for the new government.
George Thomson
Senior Research Fellow
george.thomson@otago.ac.nz
Nick Wilson
Senior Lecturer
Deepa Weerasekera
Biostatistician
Richard Edwards
Associate Professor
Department of Public Health
University of Otago, Wellington
Acknowledgements: The ITC Project New Zealand team thank: the interviewees who kindly contributed their time; the Health Research Council of New Zealand which has provided the core funding for this Project; and our other project partners (see: http://www.wnmeds.ac.nz/itcproject.html).
Competing interests: Three of the authors (GT, NW, RE) have undertaken work for health sector agencies working in tobacco control.
References:
  1. Edwards R, Wilson N, Pierse N. Highly hazardous air quality associated with smoking in cars: New Zealand pilot study. [letter] New Zealand Medical Journal. 2006;119(1244). http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/119-1244/2294
  2. Rees VW, Connolly GN. Measuring air quality to protect children from secondhand smoke in cars. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2006;31(5):363–8.
  3. World Health Organization. WHO air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Global update 2005. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
  4. Australian Associated Press. Smoking banned in cars in Tasmania. The Australian; 31 December 2007. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22990981-5006788,00.html
  5. Gago G. Ban on children smoking in cars from May. Adelaide: Government of South Australia; 2007.
  6. Associated Press. Puerto Rico Enacts Caribbean's Toughest Smoking Ban. San Juan: Associated Press; 2006.
  7. Bleed J, Wickline M. Lighting up with young kids in vehicle banned under bill. Arkansas Democrat Gazette; 8 April 2006.
  8. Louisiana Campaign for Tobacco-Free Living. Smokefree policies. New Orleans: Louisiana Campaign for Tobacco-Free Living; 2008.
  9. Rojas A. Forget about lighting up with children in the car. Sacramento Bee Sacramento; 11 October 2007, p.A.15.
  10. Boston Globe. Maine car-smoking law kicks in. Boston: Boston Globe; 31 August 2008.
  11. CBC News. Yukon butting out: MLAs pass smoking ban. Toronto: CBC News; 23 April 2008.
  12. Department of Health Promotion and Protection. Smoke-free Places Act - In-vehicle Amendment. Halifax: Province of Nova Scotia; 2008.
  13. Babbage M. Ontario passes ban on smoking in cars with kids under 16. Toronto: The Canadian Press; 16 June 2008.
  14. Gill P. Car smoking ban sought. Christchurch: The Press; 28 October 2006, p.7.
  15. Al-Delaimy W, Luo D, Woodward A, Howden-Chapman P. Smoking hygiene: a study of attitudes to passive smoking. N Z Med J 1999;112(1081):33–6.
  16. Gillespie J, Milne K, Wilson N. Secondhand smoke in New Zealand homes and cars: exposure, attitudes, and behaviours in 2004. N Z Med J. 2005;118(1227). http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/118-1227/1782
  17. Wilson N. Methods report for the New Zealand arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey (ITC Project). Wellington: University of Otago, Wellington; 28 October 2008. http://www.wnmeds.ac.nz/academic/dph/research/HIRP/Tobacco/Methods%20Report%20for%20NZ%20ITC%20Project.doc
     
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